When I Began Dialysis…

The fossil tabanids (Diptera Tabanidae): when they began to appreciate warm blood and when they began transmit diseases?

A discussion of the known fossil tabanids (Diptera Tabanidae) is presented based on fossil evidence. This includes the origin of the hemathophagy in the Brachycera, more specifically for tabanids. Several tabanid species in the extant fauna are vectors for disease-producing organisms that affect humans and animals. Bacteria, viruses, rickettsiae, protozoa, and filarial worms can be transmitted ...

when to start dialysis in elderly patients

Dialysis: when to start or when to stop?

Sir, There have been several recent discussions around the timing of initiation of dialysis [1,2]. There remains little scientific consensus on when to start and on which clinical and biochemical parameters we base this decision. In the broadest sense, dialysis should serve to decrease morbidity and/or mortality whilst maintaining or improving quality of life. It is almost assumed that renal re...

When to Start Dialysis in Elderly Patients

Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education: To improve the outcomes of elderly patients with ESRD, it is necessary to develop a specific approach based on their comorbidities, disabilities and quality of life. which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. End stage renal disease (ESRD) is a pote...

when should commence dialysis: focusing on the predialysis condition

the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (ckd), as defined by the nfk-kdoqi (the national kidney foundation kidney disease outcomes quality initiative) guidelines, is a glomerular filtration rate less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or the presence of microalbuminuria. ckd is increasing worldwide, leading to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. there is general agreement on the importance of an ...